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Factor-Analytic Evidence for the Complexity of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS).

Dennis J McFarland¹

¹New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA.

|April 18, 2019

Summary

The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System

Keywords:

D-KEFS cross-validation factor analysis human cognitive abilities multidimensional models

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Neuroscience
Psychometrics

Background:

Executive functions are crucial cognitive processes underlying goal-directed behavior.
The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) is a comprehensive battery assessing various executive functions.
Understanding the factor structure of the D-KEFS is essential for accurate interpretation of its scores.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the complexity of the D-KEFS factor structure.
To determine the optimal number of factors for modeling the D-KEFS.
To evaluate factor retention criteria for complex cognitive batteries.

Main Methods:

Factor analysis of the D-KEFS standardization sample correlations.
Monte Carlo simulations varying the number of generating factors.
Evaluation of factor retention criteria including eigenvalues, fit indices, and cross-validation.

Main Results:

A seven-factor solution demonstrated the best estimation accuracy when generalized to validation samples.
Modification indices yielded multiple seven-factor solutions with similar fit but divergent factor loadings.
Results support process overlap theory, indicating complex tests involve numerous distinct executive processes.

Conclusions:

Executive function tests are complex, reflecting multiple underlying executive processes.
Interpretation of D-KEFS scores should rely on external evidence (e.g., clinical sensitivity), not solely factor analysis.
Avoid oversimplified interpretations of executive function test performance based on factor-analytic findings.