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Related Concept Videos

Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
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Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

444
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

460
When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Using Microarrays to Interrogate Microenvironmental Impact on Cellular Phenotypes in Cancer
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Cellular Plasticity in Cancer.

Salina Yuan1, Robert J Norgard1, Ben Z Stanger2,3,4,1

  • 1Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cellular plasticity, changes in cancer cell identity, drives tumor progression and therapy resistance. Understanding these mechanisms offers new strategies to target metastasis and drug resistance in cancer treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Tumor cells exhibit cellular plasticity, undergoing molecular and phenotypic changes during cancer progression.
  • This plasticity arises from microenvironmental cues, genetic/epigenetic alterations, and treatment pressures, contributing to tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance.
  • Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity is a known example, but other forms of tumor cell plasticity are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the nature and roles of diverse cellular plasticity programs in cancer.
  • To explore the involvement of cellular plasticity in premalignant progression, tumor evolution, and therapy adaptation.
  • To consider targeting cellular plasticity as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on cellular plasticity in cancer.
  • The review analyzes the mechanisms and functional consequences of various cellular plasticity programs.
  • It discusses the implications of cellular plasticity for cancer progression and treatment resistance.

Main Results:

  • Cellular plasticity is a common feature across tumor progression stages.
  • Cellular plasticity significantly mediates tumor progression and chemoresistance.
  • Diverse plasticity programs have functional consequences impacting cancer development and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of cellular plasticity is crucial for developing new cancer therapies.
  • Targeting cellular plasticity holds promise for overcoming cancer metastasis and therapy resistance.
  • Cellular plasticity represents a key area for novel anticancer treatment strategies.