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Lending practices to same-sex borrowers.

Hua Sun1, Lei Gao1

  • 1Department of Finance, Ivy College of Business, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 lgao@iastate.edu hsun@iastate.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals mortgage lending discrimination against same-sex borrowers, who face lower approval rates and higher interest rates. Findings also show negative spillover effects on lending outcomes in neighborhoods with larger same-sex populations.

Keywords:
HMDALGBTcredit rationingmortgagesame-sex

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Area of Science:

  • Economics
  • Sociology
  • Finance

Background:

  • Discrimination in financial markets can perpetuate inequality.
  • Measuring sexual orientation in large datasets is challenging without self-identification.
  • Understanding lending disparities is crucial for financial inclusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for inferring sexual orientation from US mortgage data.
  • To analyze lending practices and outcomes for same-sex borrowers.
  • To investigate the spillover effects of same-sex population share on lending.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized massive US mortgage lending data from 1990 onwards.
  • Developed an indirect inference method for borrower sexual orientation.
  • Conducted comparative analysis of lending outcomes for same-sex versus different-sex borrowers.

Main Results:

  • Same-sex borrowers experienced 3-8% lower approval rates.
  • Same-sex borrowers faced 0.02-0.2% higher interest rates, totaling $8.6M-$86M annually.
  • Same-sex borrowers exhibited lower prepayment risk but similar default risk.
  • Increased neighborhood same-sex population share correlated with less favorable lending outcomes for all borrowers.

Conclusions:

  • Significant lending discrimination against same-sex individuals persists.
  • The developed method allows for large-scale, indirect measurement of sexual orientation in population data.
  • Spillover effects suggest broader community impacts of sexual orientation visibility in lending.