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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Isolation of Protoplasts from Tissues of 14-day-old Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana
Published on: August 17, 2009
Biosynthesis of DHGA12 and its roles in Arabidopsis seedling establishment
Hao Liu1,2, Siyi Guo1,2, Minghua Lu3
1Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 475004, Kaifeng, China.
Abstract:
Seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment are controlled by the antagonistic activity of the phytohormones gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana GAS2 (Gain of Function in ABA-modulated Seed Germination 2), a protein belonging to the Fe-dependent 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase superfamily, catalyzes the stereospecific hydration of GA12 to produce GA12 16, 17-dihydro-16α-ol (DHGA12). We show that DHGA12, a C20-GA has an atypical structure compared to known active GAs but can bind to the GA receptor (GID1c). DHGA12 can promote seed germination, hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon greening. Silencing and over-expression of GAS2 alters the ABA/GA ratio and sensitivity to ABA during seed germination and photoautotrophic establishment. Hence, we propose that GAS2 acts to modulate hormonal balance during early seedling development.
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