Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026

An In Vitro Caseum Binding Assay that Predicts Drug Penetration in Tuberculosis Lesions
Published on: May 8, 2017
Development and validation of a prediction model for active tuberculosis case finding among HIV-negative/unknown
Yun-Ju Shih1, Helen Ayles2, Knut Lönnroth3
1Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract:
A prediction model of prevalent pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in HIV negative/unknown individuals was developed to assist systematic screening. Data from a large TB screening trial were used. A multivariable logistic regression model was developed in the South African (SA) training dataset, using TB symptoms and risk factors as predictors. The model was converted into a scoring system for risk stratification and was evaluated in separate SA and Zambian validation datasets. The number of TB cases were 355, 176, and 107 in the SA training, SA validation, and Zambian validation datasets respectively. The area under curve (AUC) of the scoring system was 0·68 (95% CI 0·64-0·72) in the SA validation set, compared to prolonged cough (0·58, 95% CI 0·54-0·62) and any TB symptoms (0·6, 95% CI 0·56-0·64). In the Zambian dataset the AUC of the scoring system was 0·66 (95% CI 0·60-0·72). In the cost-effectiveness analysis, the scoring system dominated the conventional strategies. The cost per TB case detected ranged from 429 to 1,848 USD in the SA validation set and from 171 to 10,518 USD in the Zambian dataset. The scoring system may help targeted TB case finding under budget constraints.
Related Concept Videos
Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be approximately normally distributed. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. There is no specific requirement for sample size. But if the sample size is less than 30, and we don't know the population standard deviation, a different approach is used;...
Estimating Population Mean with Unknown Standard Deviation
William S. Gosset (1876–1937) of the...
Reliability and Validity
In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation
Conservation of Small Populations
Finding the Center of Gravity

