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Related Concept Videos

Impulse01:13

Impulse

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According to Newton’s second law of motion, the rate of change of the momentum of an object is the net external force acting on it. The total change in momentum between two timepoints thus depends on both the external force acting on it and the time over which it acts. Describing this mathematically, the total change of an object’s motion is proportional to the force vector and the time over which it is applied. This product is called impulse.
Additionally, it can be shown that the...
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Impulse Response01:17

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The impulse response is the system's reaction to an input impulse. In an RC circuit, the voltage source is the input, and the capacitor's voltage is the output. The system's state and output response before and after input excitation are distinctly defined.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Bipolar Disorder01:30

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation03:12

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Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
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Depressants01:28

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Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
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Impulsivity differences between bipolar and unipolar depression.

Mustafa Ozten1, Atila Erol1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey.

Indian Journal of Psychiatry
|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar and unipolar depression patients exhibit higher impulsivity than healthy individuals. Bipolar patients show greater motor impulsivity during euthymia compared to unipolar patients.

Keywords:
Bipolar disorderimpulsivitymood disorderremissionunipolar disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Bipolar depression and unipolar depression share similarities but differ in etiology, phenomenology, course, and treatment.
  • Bipolar depression is often linked to mood lability, hypersomnia, and early onset.
  • Impulsivity during euthymia (symptom-free periods) in these disorders is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare impulsivity levels in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar disorder during euthymia.
  • To identify specific differences in impulsivity facets between euthymic bipolar and unipolar patients.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated impulsivity using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11A).
  • Compared 78 interepisode BD patients, 72 interepisode unipolar disorder patients, and 70 healthy controls.
  • Utilized one-way between-groups ANOVA for statistical analysis of BIS-11A scores.

Main Results:

  • Both bipolar disorder and unipolar disorder patients displayed significantly higher total impulsivity scores than healthy controls.
  • No significant differences were found between bipolar and unipolar groups in total, attentional, or nonplanning impulsivity.
  • Bipolar disorder patients exhibited significantly higher motor impulsivity scores compared to unipolar disorder patients.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with interepisode bipolar disorder and unipolar disorder show elevated impulsivity compared to healthy individuals.
  • Attentional and nonplanning impulsivity did not differ between the two patient groups.
  • Motor impulsivity is a distinguishing feature, being significantly higher in bipolar disorder patients during euthymia.