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Severe Pertussis Pneumonia managed with Exchange Transfusion

Said Al Hanshi1, Mohammed Al Ghafri1, Suad Al Ismaili1

  • 1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Hospital, Sultanate of Oman.

Oman Medical Journal
|April 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Severe pertussis pneumonia in an infant improved dramatically after exchange blood transfusion (ET). This case highlights the potential benefit of ET in critical pertussis cases unresponsive to conventional supportive care, including High Frequency Oscillator ventilation (HFOV).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Severe pertussis pneumonia poses a significant threat to infants, often requiring intensive care.
  • Conventional supportive management, including mechanical ventilation, may not always be sufficient for critically ill infants.

Observation:

  • A one-month-old infant with severe pertussis pneumonia admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) showed clinical deterioration despite High Frequency Oscillator ventilation (HFOV).

Findings:

  • The infant demonstrated a dramatic clinical improvement following an exchange blood transfusion (ET).
  • This intervention led to the infant's successful discharge.

Implications:

  • Exchange blood transfusion (ET) may be a viable therapeutic option for severe pertussis pneumonia refractory to standard treatments.
  • Early recognition and aggressive management, potentially including ET, are crucial for improving outcomes in severe pertussis.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering novel interventions in pediatric critical care for rare but severe conditions.

Keywords:
Severe pertussisleukocytosisleukopheresispneumoniawhole blood exchange transfusion

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