Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.8K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.8K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

16.9K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
16.9K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.9K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

48.4K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
48.4K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

38.3K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
38.3K
Wave Parameters01:10

Wave Parameters

9.1K
The simplest mechanical waves are associated with simple harmonic motion and repeat themselves for several cycles. These simple harmonic waves can be modeled using a combination of sine and cosine functions. Consider a simplified surface water wave that moves across the water's surface. Unlike complex ocean waves, in surface water waves, water moves vertically, oscillating up and down, whereas the disturbance of the wave moves horizontally through the medium. If a seagull is floating on the...
9.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of processing atmosphere on nanoscale properties of highly efficient Cs<sub>0.05</sub>MA<sub>0.05</sub>FA<sub>0.9</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells.

Nanoscale·2025
Same author

How smectic-A and smectic-C liquid crystals resolve confinement-induced frustration in spherical shells.

Soft matter·2024
Same author

The good, the bad and the ugly faces of cyanobiphenyl mesogens in selected tracks of fundamental and applied liquid crystal research.

Liquid crystals·2024
Same author

Water-Templated Growth of Interfacial Superglue Polymers for Tunable Thin Films and In Situ Fluid Encapsulation.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2024
Same author

Tunable templating of photonic microparticles via liquid crystal order-guided adsorption of amphiphilic polymers in emulsions.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Cholesteric Spherical Reflectors with Tunable Color from Single-Domain Cellulose Nanocrystal Microshells.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

13.5K

Liquid crystal elastomer shell actuators with negative order parameter.

V S R Jampani1, R H Volpe2, K Reguengo de Sousa1

  • 1Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxemborg.

Science Advances
|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel anti-ordered elastomers, the first materials exhibiting a negative liquid crystal (LC) order parameter. This breakthrough unlocks a new range of liquid crystallinity for advanced soft robotics and soft matter physics.

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.4K
Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
13:38

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Published on: April 11, 2017

10.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites
12:21

Preparation of Monodomain Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Liquid Crystal Elastomer Nanocomposites

Published on: February 6, 2016

13.5K
Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.4K
Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures
13:38

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Published on: April 11, 2017

10.0K

Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Liquid crystals (LCs) possess long-range orientational order, characterized by an order parameter .
  • A significant portion of the order parameter range (-1/2 < 〈P2〉 < 0) has remained experimentally inaccessible.
  • Conventional liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit specific optical and actuation properties based on their ordered state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the first material class exhibiting a negative liquid crystal order parameter (〈P2〉 < 0) in its ground state.
  • To explore the unique optical and actuation characteristics of these novel anti-ordered elastomers.
  • To expand the accessible range of liquid crystallinity for fundamental research and technological applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of novel elastomeric shells designed to exhibit anti-ordering.
  • Measurement of optical properties to determine the order parameter and assess light-matter interactions.
  • Evaluation of actuation responses under external stimuli to compare with conventional LCEs.

Main Results:

  • Successful creation of the first material with a negative liquid crystal order parameter (〈P2〉 < 0).
  • Demonstration of optical and actuation characteristics that are opposite to those of conventional LCEs.
  • Access to the previously secluded range of liquid crystallinity, specifically 〈P2〉 < 0.

Conclusions:

  • This work presents a new class of anti-ordered elastomers, providing access to a new regime of liquid crystallinity.
  • The findings present new challenges and opportunities for soft matter physics research.
  • The novel LCE actuators offer complementary functionalities for applications in soft robotics and beyond.