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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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Electrodes: Overview01:17

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 Electrochemical measurements are conducted in an electrochemical cell composed of various components that control and measure the current and potential. One fundamental component is electrodes, conductive materials that enable electron transfer reactions at their surfaces.
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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

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Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

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The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
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Flexible Transparent Electrodes Based on Gold Nanomeshes.

Zeping Li1, Geng Wang2, Zhongming Li2

  • 1School of Electronic Information and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437005, Hubei, People's Republic of China. D201477516@alumni.hust.edu.cn.

Nanoscale Research Letters
|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers achieved a better balance between transparency and conductivity in gold nanomesh (AuNM) electrodes by optimizing thickness. This development is crucial for creating advanced flexible electronics with enhanced durability.

Keywords:
AuNMFEAFlexibilityNSLSheet resistanceTransmittance

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Flexible electrodes require a balance between transmittance and conductivity, which are inversely proportional.
  • Existing materials face challenges in achieving optimal trade-offs for next-generation electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between gold nanomesh (AuNM) thickness and its transmittance-conductivity trade-off.
  • To evaluate the flexibility and strain tolerance of AuNM electrodes.
  • To validate the reliability of the nanosphere lithography (NSL) fabrication method.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of gold nanomesh (AuNM) electrodes using nanosphere lithography (NSL).
  • Systematic variation of AuNM thickness up to 40 nm.
  • Experimental characterization of transmittance, conductivity, and flexibility.
  • Finite element analysis (FEA) for simulation of mechanical behavior.

Main Results:

  • An optimal trade-off between transmittance and conductivity was achieved by increasing AuNM thickness up to 40 nm.
  • AuNM electrodes exhibited superior flexibility and strain tolerance compared to bulk gold films.
  • Smaller inter-aperture wire widths in AuNM enhanced tensile strain accommodation.
  • FEA simulations showed good agreement with experimental findings, confirming NSL reliability.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized AuNM thickness offers a viable route to balance transmittance and conductivity for flexible electrodes.
  • The mesh structure and optimized wire width of AuNM significantly improve mechanical robustness.
  • NSL is a reliable method for fabricating large-scale, flexible, transparent AuNM electrodes for advanced electronic applications.