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Holistic Facial Composite Creation and Subsequent Video Line-up Eyewitness Identification Paradigm
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How do ordered questions bias eyewitnesses?

Robert B Michael1, Maryanne Garry2

  • 1a Department of Psychology , University of Louisiana Lafayette , Louisiana , USA.

Memory (Hove, England)
|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Question order significantly impacts eyewitness beliefs by anchoring memory recall. Individual differences in the Need for Cognition (NFC) only partially explain why people fail to sufficiently adjust their initial judgments.

Keywords:
Eyewitnessanchoring-and-adjustmentmemoryquestion order

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Suggestive questioning techniques can distort eyewitness memory.
  • The order of questions, not just content, can influence eyewitness beliefs.
  • An anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic may explain these effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate why question order influences eyewitness beliefs.
  • To examine the role of the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic in memory recall.
  • To explore the moderating effect of Need for Cognition (NFC) on belief formation.

Main Methods:

  • Tracking changes in eyewitness beliefs throughout a series of questions.
  • Assessing individual differences in Need for Cognition (NFC).
  • Analyzing data using an anchoring-and-adjustment framework.

Main Results:

  • Experiments 1 and 2 supported the anchoring-and-adjustment account.
  • Experiments 3 and 4 indicated that NFC only partially explained the observed effects.
  • Question order demonstrably influences eyewitness memory and belief formation.

Conclusions:

  • The findings have implications for understanding belief formation and memory accuracy.
  • The study highlights the subtle yet significant impact of question sequencing on eyewitness testimony.
  • Need for Cognition plays a role, but does not fully account for, the anchoring effect in eyewitness memory.