Outcome of a screening program for the prevention of neonatal early-onset group B Streptococcus infection: a

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Yunpeng Ji1,2,3, Chenkai Zhao4, Xiao-Xia Ma1

  • 1Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, PR China.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|April 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

A new screening strategy for early-onset group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection in pregnant women in China effectively reduced antibiotic use and missed cases. This approach, including preterm births, is feasible for preventing neonatal GBS complications.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Infectious Disease Prevention

Background:

  • Invasive early-onset group B Streptococcus (EOGBS) infection poses a significant threat to neonatal health, causing severe complications.
  • Comprehensive GBS screening programs are lacking in China, necessitating the development of effective prevention strategies.
  • Early-onset GBS infection remains a critical concern for neonatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a regional antenatal screening program for EOGBS prevention in China.
  • To assess the outcomes and implications of a newly implemented GBS screening strategy.
  • To estimate the benefits and drawbacks of the employed GBS screening approach.

Main Methods:

  • An optimized hospital-based GBS screening strategy was implemented for expectant mothers, including those with preterm births, from January 2016 to December 2016.
  • A population-based cohort was utilized to analyze the screening outcomes.
  • Three common screening strategies were simulated to compare the efficacy of the hospital's chosen method.

Main Results:

  • A GBS carriage rate of 2.7% (266/9770) was identified among eligible women.
  • The implemented screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) strategy resulted in an EOGBS incidence of 0.5/1000 neonates, with one missed case.
  • Identified risk factors for maternal GBS colonization included preterm birth, advanced maternal age, prelabour rupture of membranes, gestational diabetes mellitus, and mild anemia.

Conclusions:

  • The developed perinatal screening program, incorporating preterm births, is a viable strategy for preventing EOGBS infection.
  • The new screening strategy demonstrated reduced antibiotic exposure and a minimal number of missed cases.
  • Implementation of this perinatal screening is feasible in regions like Inner Mongolia.
Abstract

Keywords:
Inner Mongoliaearly-onset group B Streptococcus burdenneonatesrisk factorsscreening strategy

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