Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fischer Projections02:18

Fischer Projections

16.4K
Learning to draw Fischer projections of molecules and understanding their relevance plays a crucial role in the visual depiction of organic molecules. A Fischer projection is a two-dimensional projection on a planar surface to simplify the three-dimensional wedge–dash representation of molecules. This is especially helpful in the case of molecules with multiple chiral centers that can be difficult to draw. Here, all the bonds of interest are represented as horizontal or vertical lines. While...
16.4K
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

20.7K
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
20.7K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.2K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

17.7K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
17.7K
Coordinates and Map Projections01:29

Coordinates and Map Projections

602
Coordinates and map projections are essential tools in accurately representing the Earth's surface for various applications, ranging from navigation to spatial analysis. The latitude and longitude coordinate system is a universally recognized framework for defining locations. Latitude specifies the distance of a point north or south of the equator, measured in degrees from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles. Longitude indicates a location's position east or west of the prime meridian,...
602
Ideal Solutions02:24

Ideal Solutions

22.3K
According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
22.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Association of Collective Self-Esteem to Individual Self-Esteem, Depression, and Sexual Health of Indian Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Longitudinal Analysis.

International journal of behavioral medicine·2026
Same author

A single-cell atlas characterizes dysregulation of the bone marrow immune microenvironment associated with outcomes in multiple myeloma.

Nature cancer·2026
Same author

Optimized methods for efficient application of immunogold electron microscopy to amyloid fibrils typing.

Amyloid : the international journal of experimental and clinical investigation : the official journal of the International Society of Amyloidosis·2025
Same author

Community resilience to health emergencies: a scoping review.

BMJ global health·2025
Same author

MERTK inhibition selectively activates a DC - T-cell axis to provide anti-leukemia immunity.

Leukemia·2024
Same author

Less-deformable erythrocyte subpopulations biomechanically induce endothelial inflammation in sickle cell disease.

Blood·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
09:39

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

27.7K

A computational solution to improve biomarker reproducibility during long-term projects.

Feng Feng1, Morgan P Thompson2, Beena E Thomas2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos One
|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

ELISA kit lot variability can jeopardize long-term biomarker studies. A new R software tool, ELISAtools, corrects for these shifts, significantly improving data reproducibility and quality control for biomarker measurements.

More Related Videos

Long-term Culture of Human Breast Cancer Specimens and Their Analysis Using Optical Projection Tomography
10:10

Long-term Culture of Human Breast Cancer Specimens and Their Analysis Using Optical Projection Tomography

Published on: July 29, 2011

15.7K
Using Extraordinary Optical Transmission to Quantify Cardiac Biomarkers in Human Serum
09:23

Using Extraordinary Optical Transmission to Quantify Cardiac Biomarkers in Human Serum

Published on: December 13, 2017

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
09:39

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

27.7K
Long-term Culture of Human Breast Cancer Specimens and Their Analysis Using Optical Projection Tomography
10:10

Long-term Culture of Human Breast Cancer Specimens and Their Analysis Using Optical Projection Tomography

Published on: July 29, 2011

15.7K
Using Extraordinary Optical Transmission to Quantify Cardiac Biomarkers in Human Serum
09:23

Using Extraordinary Optical Transmission to Quantify Cardiac Biomarkers in Human Serum

Published on: December 13, 2017

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biomarker discovery and validation
  • Clinical chemistry and immunoassay development
  • Computational biology and bioinformatics

Background:

  • Biomarkers are crucial for understanding disease pathophysiology and host responses in research.
  • Research-use Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits are widely employed but suffer from lot-to-lot variability and lack of standardization.
  • This variability poses significant analytical challenges, particularly for longitudinal studies involving large patient cohorts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the analytic challenges posed by ELISA kit lot variability in long-term biomarker research.
  • To develop a computational solution for standardizing biomarker data across different ELISA kit lots.
  • To ensure the reproducibility and reliability of biomarker measurements in cancer patient plasma samples.

Main Methods:

  • A computational tool, ELISAtools, was developed using open-access R software.
  • Variability between ELISA kit lots was treated as a batch effect within the software.
  • A best-fit reference standard curve was modeled, and a unique 'Shift factor' (S) was calculated for each standard curve to adjust the data.

Main Results:

  • ELISAtools successfully corrected standard curve shifts, mitigating data variability caused by new ELISA kit lots.
  • For one biomarker (PF), the averaged 'S' factors across five kit lots ranged from -0.086 to 0.735.
  • The computational solution reduced control inter-assay variability from 62.4% to under 9%, meeting quality control standards.

Conclusions:

  • ELISAtools provides a uniform platform for analyzing biomarker data across multiple ELISA kit lots, essential for long-term projects.
  • The calculated 'S' factors offer a quantitative metric for monitoring ELISA performance and ensuring quality control over time.
  • This computational approach maximizes biomarker measurement reproducibility, vital for studies utilizing valuable patient samples.