Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026
12:03
Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs
Published on: April 25, 2014
28.6K
MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF GIANT PROLACTINOMA: A SERIES OF 71 PATIENTS
Summary
Giant prolactinoma patients show excellent response to dopamine agonists (DAs). Factors like sex, age, initial prolactin levels, and tumor size do not predict treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Neurosurgery
- Oncology
Background:
- Giant prolactinomas (≥4 cm) present unique management challenges.
- Understanding treatment outcomes and predictors is crucial for patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe outcomes in patients with giant prolactinoma.
- To identify predictors of therapeutic response in this population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of 71 patients diagnosed with giant prolactinoma.
- Defined complete biochemical response as prolactin (PRL) ≤25 ng/mL and structural response as no visible tumor.
- Analyzed treatment modalities including dopamine agonists (DAs), surgery, radiation, and somatostatin analogs.
Main Results:
- Most patients (99%) received DAs. Complete biochemical response was achieved by 55% and no visible tumor by 26% at follow-up.
- Surgery was associated with higher rates of hypopituitarism compared to medical management.
- Therapeutic response was not correlated with sex, age, initial PRL, or tumor size.
Conclusions:
- Giant prolactinomas generally exhibit an excellent response to dopamine agonist therapy.
- Predictors of therapeutic response such as sex, age, initial PRL, and tumor size were not identified.
- Surgical management carries a higher risk of hypopituitarism.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Resistors In Series
6.1K
A resistor is an ohmic device that limits the flow of charge in a circuit. Most circuits have more than one resistor. If several resistors are connected together and connected to a battery, the current supplied by the battery depends on the equivalent resistance of the circuit. The equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors depends on both their individual values and how they are connected. The simplest combination of resistors is the series combination.
In a series circuit, the...
In a series circuit, the...
6.1K
02:24Predicting Reaction Outcomes
10.4K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
10.4K
01:17Series Resonance
787
The RLC circuit impedance is defined as the ratio of the supply voltage to the circuit current. Resonance in such a circuit occurs when the imaginary part of this impedance equals zero. This specific condition means that the inductive reactance is exactly equal to the capacitive reactance. The frequency at which this happens is known as the resonant frequency. Mathematically, the resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the inductance (L) and capacitance...
787
01:13Outcomes of Glycolysis
106.8K
Nearly all the energy used by cells comes from the bonds that make up complex organic compounds. These organic compounds are broken down into simpler molecules, such as glucose. As a result, cells extract energy from glucose over many chemical reactions—a process called cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...
106.8K
01:17Trigonometric Fourier series
776
Fourier series is a foundational mathematical technique that decomposes periodic functions into an infinite series of sinusoidal harmonics. This method enables the representation of complex periodic signals as sums of simple sine and cosine functions, facilitating their analysis and interpretation in various fields, including signal processing, acoustics, and electrical engineering.
The trigonometric Fourier series specifically expresses a periodic function with a defined period T using sine...
The trigonometric Fourier series specifically expresses a periodic function with a defined period T using sine...
776
01:21Convergence of Fourier Series
392
The Fourier series is a powerful mathematical tool for representing periodic signals as an infinite sum of complex exponentials. In practice, this infinite series is truncated to a finite number of terms, yielding a partial sum. This truncation makes the approximation of the signal feasible but introduces certain challenges, particularly near discontinuities, known as the Gibbs phenomenon.
The Gibbs phenomenon refers to the persistent oscillations and overshoots that occur near discontinuities...
The Gibbs phenomenon refers to the persistent oscillations and overshoots that occur near discontinuities...
392