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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

'Bioluminescent' Reporter Phage for the Detection of Category A Bacterial Pathogens
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Phages Mediate Bacterial Self-Recognition.

Sooyeon Song1, Yunxue Guo2, Jun-Seob Kim3

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-4400, USA.

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|April 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bacteria use phages to distinguish between self and non-self. This phage-mediated self-recognition in Escherichia coli forms demarcation lines, aiding kin recognition and group behavior.

Keywords:
cryptic prophagelysislysogenic phagelytic phageself-recognitionswimming

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cellular social behavior involves self-recognition, where cells identify and interact with kin versus non-kin.
  • The role of bacteriophages (phages) in bacterial self-recognition mechanisms remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of phages in bacterial self-recognition and group behavior.
  • To determine if phages mediate the discrimination between self and non-self in bacterial populations.

Main Methods:

  • Observing the formation of demarcation lines between different swimming Escherichia coli strains and identical clones.
  • Identifying the specific phage (SW1) responsible for mediating self-recognition.
  • Analyzing the genetic basis of self-recognition, including the role of cryptic prophage proteins like YfdM.

Main Results:

  • A clear demarcation line formed between different swimming Escherichia coli strains, but not between identical clones, indicating self-non-self discrimination.
  • A T1-type lytic phage, SW1, was identified as the basis for this self-recognition, utilizing host cryptic prophage proteins for propagation.
  • SW1 conferred a conditional benefit to E. coli K-12 compared to strains lacking the phage.
  • Demarcation lines were also observed when lysogenic phages (ϕ80, lambda) encountered sibling strains lacking the lysogen.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial self-recognition and group behavior can be mediated by bacteriophages.
  • Phages play a crucial role in enabling bacteria to distinguish between kin (carrying phage) and non-kin (lacking phage).
  • This phage-driven mechanism allows for conditional benefits and social discrimination within bacterial populations.