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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

Published on: November 2, 2018

Determinants of structural segregation and patterning in the human cortex.

Frithjof Kruggel¹, Ana Solodkin²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA.

|April 18, 2019

Summary

Human brain development, from fetal stages to adulthood, is shaped by early-forming cortical regions that establish patterns and reduce variability. Later-forming areas exhibit higher variability, influencing adult brain structure.

Keywords:

Cortical communities Human cortex Structural variability Sulcal roots

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Human Anatomy

Background:

Understanding the spatio-temporal patterning of the human cortex is crucial for explaining structural variability.
Linking fetal brain development to adult brain variations provides insights into neurodevelopmental mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To uncover the mechanisms governing human cortical development and its structural variability.
To establish connections between fetal brain development and adult brain variability.

Main Methods:

A data-driven analytical approach utilizing structural Magnetic Resonance (MR) images.
Identification and analysis of macroscopic features on the cortical surface.

Main Results:

The human cortical surface was divided into 13 distinct "communities" based on macroscopic features.
Thirty centers of low inter-subject variability were identified in major sulci, correlating with fetal developmental timing.
Early-forming centers promote greater regularity and larger local vicinity, while later-forming centers lead to smaller regions with higher variability.
Cortical communities are classified into structural sub-types based on the relative variability of governing centers.
Sub-types of ipsi-lateral communities are independent but associated with their contra-lateral counterparts.

Conclusions:

The study provides a framework for understanding cortical patterning and variability based on developmental timing.
Findings integrate with existing knowledge on macroscopic, microscopic, and genetic factors influencing brain development.
The identified centers and their variability offer a novel perspective on the determinants of human brain structure.