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  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China.

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This review explores fish lateral line systems for sensing water flow and pressure. Understanding these biological mechanisms can inspire advanced artificial flow sensors and underwater smart skin technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetics
  • Hydrodynamics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Fish utilize a mechanosensory lateral line system to detect subtle flow and pressure variations.
  • This system comprises superficial and canal lines for velocity and pressure gradient perception, respectively.
  • Understanding these biological systems offers insights for advanced sensor design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review highly sensitive flow-sensing mechanisms in fish lateral line systems.
  • To explore flow field perception algorithms used by fish.
  • To discuss innovations in artificial lateral line systems and polymer-based flow sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fish lateral line systems.
  • Analysis of flow-sensing mechanisms and perception algorithms.
  • Examination of various transduction mechanisms in artificial lateral line systems.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of superficial and canal neuromast sensing mechanisms.
  • Overview of flow field perception algorithms.
  • Highlighting recent advancements in polymer-based artificial flow sensors.

Conclusions:

  • Insights from fish lateral line systems can drive the development of sensitive flow sensors.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in sensitivity, durability, and sensing fusion for artificial systems.
  • This work provides a foundation for creating effective underwater smart skin and hydrodynamic imaging technologies.