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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Gastroenterology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ingested warm fluids can potentially actuate biomedical devices within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  • Understanding heat dissipation in the upper GI tract is crucial for designing thermally responsive systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heat dissipation in the upper GI tract.
  • To develop and evaluate novel thermally actuated biomedical devices for esophageal and gastric applications.
  • To explore the potential for temperature-triggered drug delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Administered warm (55°C) water to pigs to study heat dissipation.
  • Designed a capsule-sized esophageal system with shape-memory nitinol springs, triggered by warm water ingestion.
  • Developed a flexible macrostructure (mechanical metamaterial) for gastric deployment, triggered by endoscopically administered warm fluids.
  • Incorporated degradable microneedles for esophageal molecule delivery and tested a gastric platform for 2-week drug release.

Main Results:

  • Identified two distinct thermal actuation zones in the upper GI tract: esophageal and extra-esophageal.
  • Successfully deployed an esophageal system using thermal triggering, capable of delivering model molecules.
  • Developed a gastric-resident platform that safely resides for weeks and delivers drugs for 2 weeks.
  • Demonstrated safe passage of components through the GI tract via thermal dissociation.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature-triggered systems offer a novel approach for next-generation biomedical devices in the GI tract.
  • Developed systems show promise for applications in stents, drug delivery, and sensing.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced gastrointestinal therapeutic and diagnostic platforms.