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Decoupling Solar Variability and Instrument Trends Using the Multiple Same-Irradiance-Level (MuSIL) Analysis

Thomas N Woods1, Francis G Eparvier1, Jerald Harder1

  • 1Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, 3665 Discovery Drive, CO 80303 Boulder, USA.

Solar Physics
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Scientists developed a new method to analyze solar spectral irradiance (SSI) data, improving our understanding of solar variability and its impact on Earth. This technique helps differentiate solar cycle changes from instrument errors in satellite measurements.

Keywords:
Solar cycle variabilitySolar spectral irradianceUltraviolet-visible-infrared radiation

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Area of Science:

  • * Solar Physics
  • * Earth Science
  • * Atmospheric Science

Background:

  • * Solar spectral irradiance (SSI) is crucial for understanding Earth's energy balance and Sun-Earth interactions.
  • * Long-term SSI variations, especially over the 11-year solar cycle, are vital for climate and atmospheric research.
  • * Previous satellite SSI measurements (since the 1970s) were limited by uncertainties in instrument degradation corrections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To differentiate solar cycle variability from instrumental trends in SSI data from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere, Energetic, and Dynamics (TIMED) missions.
  • * To develop and apply a novel technique for more accurate SSI trend analysis.

Main Methods:

  • * Developed and applied the Multiple Same-Irradiance-Level (MuSIL) analysis technique.
  • * MuSIL analyzes SSI time series at various solar activity levels to identify long-term trends.
  • * Applied MuSIL to SORCE (2003-present) and TIMED (2002-present) SSI records across 27-1600 nm.

Main Results:

  • * The MuSIL technique identified downward trends in SSI records, likely due to uncorrected instrument degradation.
  • * New solar cycle variability results were obtained for SSI between 27 nm and 1600 nm.
  • * The technique showed an estimated relative uncertainty of about 5% of the measured solar cycle variability.

Conclusions:

  • * The MuSIL analysis provides more accurate SSI variability data by separating solar cycle effects from instrumental issues.
  • * This advancement enhances the reliability of SSI records for climate and space weather research.
  • * Validation against the total solar irradiance (TSI) record and across different solar cycles confirms the technique's robustness.