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Quantifying Wind-Driven Firebrand Production from Roofing Assembly Combustion.

Samuel L Manzello1, Sayaka Suzuki2, Tomohiro Naruse3

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8665, USA.

Fire and Materials
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires and urban fires spread rapidly via firebrands. Experiments show oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing produces numerous small firebrands, offering insights into real-world fire spread.

Keywords:
FirebrandsGenerationLarge Outdoor FiresUrban FiresWUI Fires

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Area of Science:

  • Fire Science
  • Building Materials Science
  • Disaster Risk Reduction

Background:

  • Large outdoor fires, including Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) fires and urban fires, pose significant threats to the built environment.
  • Firebrands are a primary mechanism for the rapid spread of these fires.
  • Understanding firebrand generation is crucial for mitigating fire risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement an experimental protocol for quantifying firebrand production from full-scale roofing assemblies.
  • To investigate the influence of wind speed on firebrand generation.
  • To compare experimental findings with firebrand data from an actual large-scale urban fire.

Main Methods:

  • Full-scale roofing assemblies were ignited and combusted under controlled wind conditions in the Building Research Institute's (BRI) Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF).
  • Firebrand production was quantified in terms of size and mass.
  • Experimental results were validated against field data from a large urban fire in Japan.

Main Results:

  • Roofing assemblies using only oriented strand board (OSB) as sheathing produced a substantial number of firebrands.
  • A significant proportion of these firebrands were small, weighing less than 1 g and having areas less than 10 cm².
  • The study demonstrated a correlation between component-level firebrand generation and actual urban fire events.

Conclusions:

  • Oriented strand board (OSB) sheathing can be a significant source of small firebrands during fires.
  • Experimental data from component testing provides valuable insights into firebrand generation in real-world urban fires.
  • Findings can inform building codes and fire mitigation strategies for WUI and urban fire scenarios.