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Quantum Phases of Two-Component Bosons with Spin-Orbit Coupling in Optical Lattices
Daisuke Yamamoto1, I B Spielman2, C A R Sá de Melo2,3
1Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama-Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan.
Physical Review. A
|April 19, 2019
Summary
Ultracold bosons in optical lattices with synthetic spin-orbit coupling exhibit new density and chiral orders. This research explores rich quantum phases and their transitions using a Ginzburg-Landau model and crystal momentum distributions.
Area of Science:
- Quantum physics
- Atomic physics
- Condensed matter physics
Background:
- Ultracold bosons in optical lattices are key for studying strongly correlated bosonic matter.
- Previous research focused on interactions without synthetic spin-orbit coupling.
Purpose of the Study:
- Investigate novel quantum phases in ultracold bosons by introducing synthetic spin-orbit coupling.
- Characterize the complex interplay between lattice potential, spin-orbit coupling, and interactions.
Main Methods:
- Implementation of synthetic spin-orbit coupling in ultracold boson systems.
- Theoretical modeling using a two-order-parameter Ginzburg-Landau approach.
- Analysis of experimentally measurable crystal momentum distributions for phase characterization.
Main Results:
- Discovery of new density- and chiral-ordered phases.
- Rich variety of quantum phases including superfluids and Mott insulators.
- Explanation of spontaneous symmetry breaking at phase transitions.
Conclusions:
- Synthetic spin-orbit coupling dramatically enriches the phase diagram of interacting bosons.
- The Ginzburg-Landau model effectively describes symmetry breaking phenomena.
- Crystal momentum distributions provide a direct experimental probe of these novel phases.
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