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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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[Laboratory tests for kidney disease].

G M Fiedler1, B Vogt2

  • 1Zentrum für Labormedizin und Universitätsinstitut für Klinische Chemie, Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Universität Bern, 3010, Bern, Schweiz. martin.fiedler@insel.ch.

Der Internist
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kidney diseases are often diagnosed late, leading to poor outcomes. New diagnostic markers are needed to improve early detection and prognosis beyond current methods like estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Keywords:
BiomarkersCreatinineCystatin CGlomerular filtration rateUrinalysis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Kidney diseases frequently present with poor prognoses due to late diagnosis.
  • Current diagnostic guidelines rely on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using creatinine and cystatin C, and urinary albumin excretion.
  • These established markers have limitations, potentially causing diagnostic delays and prognostic misinterpretations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limitations of current kidney disease diagnostic markers.
  • To emphasize the need for novel biomarkers for sensitive and specific detection of kidney damage.
  • To underscore the role of urinalysis in complementing laboratory diagnostics for kidney diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines.
  • Analysis of limitations associated with functional markers (creatinine, cystatin C) and urinary albumin excretion.
  • Evaluation of urinalysis as a complementary diagnostic tool.

Main Results:

  • Current eGFR and albuminuria methods have interpretational challenges.
  • Diagnostic delays and prognostic inaccuracies can result from existing marker limitations.
  • Urinalysis offers valuable insights for screening, localization, and differentiation of kidney diseases.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for new kidney damage markers.
  • Novel markers should offer improved sensitivity and specificity for early and accurate diagnosis.
  • Urinalysis plays a vital role in the comprehensive diagnostic workup of renal and urinary tract conditions.