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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as packaging material between tissues. The areolar tissue, a connective tissue prototype, commonly cements various tissue types in diverse body organs. In contrast, adipose tissue cushions internal organs while insulating the body from heat loss.
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Cellular Automata Tractography: Fast Geodesic Diffusion MR Tractography and Connectivity Based Segmentation on the

Andac Hamamci1

  • 1Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey. andac.hamamci@yeditepe.edu.tr.

Neuroinformatics
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cellular automata enhance geodesic tractography for brain connectivity mapping. This parallel computing approach offers efficient, prior-less tracking and segmentation of brain structures like the corpus callosum.

Keywords:
Cellular automataConnectivityConnectivity based segmentationCorpus callosum parcellationDiffusion MRIGeodesic tractographyGraphics processing unitShortest-paths

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Medical Image Analysis

Background:

  • Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is crucial for mapping brain connectivity.
  • Geodesic tractography is a key technique for visualizing long-range neural pathways.
  • Current methods face limitations in computational efficiency and segmentation capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel cellular automata (CA) based approach for geodesic tractography.
  • To implement and evaluate the CA algorithm on a graphics processing unit (GPU) for enhanced performance.
  • To demonstrate the utility of this method for prior-less tracking and connectivity-based segmentation.

Main Methods:

  • Application of cellular automata principles to geodesic tractography.
  • GPU implementation for parallel processing of diffusion MRI data.
  • Connectivity-based segmentation and atlas generation of the corpus callosum.

Main Results:

  • The CA-based method demonstrates parallel processing advantages over existing techniques.
  • Efficient prior-less tracking and segmentation of corpus callosum fibers were achieved.
  • A novel geodesic tractography-based corpus callosum atlas revealed significant projections to cortical language areas.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular automata provide a powerful, parallelizable framework for geodesic tractography.
  • The developed method offers computational efficiency, particularly for segmentation tasks.
  • This approach facilitates novel applications in neuroimaging and connectivity analysis.