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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Composition of Blood Plasma01:24

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Blood plasma is a fluid that contains approximately 92% water and 8% solutes. The solutes include various types of proteins, which constitute about 7% of the total solutes in the plasma. The high-molecular-weight proteins—albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen—are essential to plasma function. Albumins, making up about 60% of the plasma proteins, maintain the osmotic balance within blood vessels by preventing excessive water leakage. Additionally, albumins serve as carrier proteins,...
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Plasma Membrane in Bacteria and Archaea01:27

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The plasma membrane is an essential cellular structure responsible for maintaining cellular integrity and regulating the selective transport of molecules. While bacteria and archaea share the fundamental function of plasma membranes, their structural and molecular differences reflect adaptations to distinct ecological and physiological challenges.Bacterial Plasma MembranesBacterial plasma membranes are predominantly composed of phospholipids with fatty acid chains ester-linked to a glycerol...
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Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

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Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
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Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells01:20

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The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
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Drug Distribution: Plasma Protein Binding01:29

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Drugs predominantly attach to plasma proteins, with only a small percentage remaining unbound. The unbound portion can be calculated as one minus the bound fraction. Acidic drugs form large, inactive complexes by reversibly binding to plasma albumin, which prevents them from diffusing across biological barriers. These drug-protein complexes act as reservoirs for the drugs. As the concentration of unbound drugs decreases, these complexes quickly dissociate to release the free drug, maintaining...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing the Analysis of Plasma Extracellular Vesicle Proteome for Cardiovascular Biomarker Studies
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Plasma proteomics and the paediatric patient.

Conor McCafferty1, Jessica Chaaban1, Vera Ignjatovic1,2

  • 1a Haematology Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute , Melbourne , Australia.

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|April 19, 2019
PubMed
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Pediatric plasma proteomics is expanding, offering new avenues for early disease detection and prevention in children. This field is crucial for long-term health outcomes, marking a new era in medical science.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical science
  • Proteomics
  • Pediatric research

Background:

  • Plasma proteomics is widely used in adult disease and drug studies.
  • Pediatric plasma proteomic research is currently limited.
  • Early disease detection is vital in pediatrics due to long-term health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review plasma proteomic studies in pediatric patients.
  • To highlight the significance of pediatric plasma proteomics.
  • To discuss the expansion of this research area.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review based on a PubMed search.
  • Keywords: plasma, biomarkers, pediatric, proteomics, children.
  • Analysis of clinical settings, sample sizes, and methodologies.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric plasma proteomics is an underrepresented but expanding field.
  • Advancements in proteomic technology are driving this growth.
  • The review synthesizes findings from existing pediatric studies.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric plasma proteomics is poised for significant expansion.
  • This field is synergistic with the focus on early disease detection and prevention.
  • A new era of advanced medical science in pediatrics is emerging.