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Attitudes01:54

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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Nursing interventions are chosen as part of the planning process to achieve patient outcomes. Once nursing diagnoses are determined, the goals and outcomes are specified, then the nursing interventions are selected and individualized according to the patient's situation.
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Creating and executing a nursing diagnosis helps nurses plan care and guide patient, family, and community interventions. They are developed based on a patient's physical evaluation and support measuring the outcomes. It is not recommended to select random interventions throughout the planning process. Instead, consider the following six essential factors when choosing interventions:
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From Voxels to Knowledge: A Practical Guide to the Segmentation of Complex Electron Microscopy 3D-Data
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Electronic interventions for changing knowledge, attitudes or practices regarding contraception: a systematic review.

Courtney M Dewart1, Jaclyn Serpico1, Markus J Steiner2

  • 1The Ohio State University, College of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.

Contraception
|April 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Electronic health tools show limited effectiveness in improving contraception knowledge and use. More research is needed to confirm the efficacy of these digital interventions for reproductive health education.

Keywords:
ContraceptionCounselingEducationElectronicSystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Health Education Technology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Electronic health education tools are increasingly used for contraception information.
  • The effectiveness of these digital interventions requires systematic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the effectiveness of electronic health education tools for improving contraception-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
  • To assess the impact of digital interventions on contraceptive method choice, use, and pregnancy rates.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of English-language studies published after 1990.
  • Searched databases including MEDLINE, Global Health, Academic Search Complete, Cochrane Library, and Grey Literature.
  • Included studies quantifying effects on contraceptive knowledge, attitude, method choice, use, or pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • 13 studies (16 reports) met eligibility criteria.
  • Video interventions: 4/6 randomized controlled trials showed significant differences in knowledge, method choice, or pregnancy.
  • Interactive computer applications: 4/7 studies (including RCTs and non-randomized) found significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, or use.
  • Observed effects were generally limited in clinical relevance and scope.

Conclusions:

  • Published evaluations of electronic contraceptive education interventions are scarce.
  • Further formal evaluations and publication of results are necessary to establish efficacy and guide future development of digital tools for reproductive health.