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Related Concept Videos

Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
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Overcurrent Relays01:26

Overcurrent Relays

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Overcurrent relays, crucial for circuit protection, are connected to the secondary current of a current transformer. There are two primary types of overcurrent relays: instantaneous and time-delay.
Instantaneous overcurrent relays activate immediately when the input current exceeds a predetermined value, known as the pickup current, instantly energizing the circuit breaker trip coil. This rapid response is vital for addressing severe faults quickly.
Time-delay overcurrent relays, on the other...
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Differential Relays01:20

Differential Relays

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Differential relays are used to protect generators, buses, and transformers by comparing electrical quantities at different points. When a fault occurs, the difference in current between the two points triggers the relay to operate, opening the circuit breaker. Under normal conditions, the current entering (i1) and leaving (i2) a generator are equal. When a fault occurs, however, these currents become unequal, and the difference current flows in the relay operating coil, causing the relay to...
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Line Protection with Impedance Relays01:27

Line Protection with Impedance Relays

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Coordinating time-delay overcurrent relays in complex radial systems and directional overcurrent relays in multi-source transmission loops can be challenging. Impedance relays address these issues by responding to the voltage-to-current ratio, specifically measuring the apparent impedance of a line. These relays become more sensitive during faults as current increases and voltage decreases, thereby reducing the apparent impedance.
Under normal conditions, low load currents keep the measured...
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Pilot and Numeric Relaying01:21

Pilot and Numeric Relaying

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Pilot relaying is a type of differential protection used in power systems. It compares electrical quantities at the terminals of equipment via a communication channel instead of direct relay interconnection. This method is essential for transmission lines where the terminals are far apart, typically up to 80 km for lines with 69 to 115 kV ratings. Four types of communication channels are used for pilot relaying:
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Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

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The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
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In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
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Joint Source-Relay Optimization for MIMO Full-Duplex Bidirectional Wireless Sensor Networks with SWIPT.

Dan Liu1, Zhigang Wen2, Xiaoqing Liu3

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Work Safety Intelligent Monitoring, School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China. dandanmessage@bupt.edu.cn.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study optimizes simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using MIMO full-duplex relays. An iterative algorithm minimizes total mean-square error for efficient data transmission and energy harvesting.

Keywords:
beamformingbidirectional wireless sensor network (BWSN)full duplex (FD)multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)

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Area of Science:

  • Wireless Communication
  • Signal Processing
  • Network Engineering

Background:

  • Energy constraints limit the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs).
  • Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) offers a solution for sustainable WSN operation.
  • Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Full-Duplex (FD) technologies enhance network capacity and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate SWIPT in a MIMO FD bidirectional WSN (BWSN).
  • To jointly optimize beamforming and receiving strategies for minimizing total mean-square error (MSE).
  • To address power and energy harvesting constraints in the BWSN.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of a joint optimization problem based on the minimum total-MSE criterion.
  • Development of an iterative Feasible Point Pursuit-Successive Convex Approximation (FPP-SCA) algorithm for non-convex problems.
  • Implementation of a low-complexity diagonalizing design-based scheme for antenna configuration variations.

Main Results:

  • The FPP-SCA algorithm achieves a local optimum for the total-MSE minimization problem.
  • The diagonalizing design-based scheme effectively simplifies subproblems and reduces computational complexity.
  • Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes in terms of total-MSE and Bit Error Rate (BER).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed optimization and low-complexity schemes enhance the performance of SWIPT in MIMO FD BWSNs.
  • Efficient resource allocation is crucial for prolonging the lifetime of energy-constrained WSNs.
  • This research provides a framework for improving data transmission and energy efficiency in wireless networks.