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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Observation and Analysis of Blinking Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering
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A Review on Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Roberto Pilot1,2, Raffaella Signorini3,4, Christian Durante5,6

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy. roberto.pilot@unipd.it.

Biosensors
|April 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) offers high sensitivity and fingerprint recognition for various sciences. This review simplifies SERS principles, substrates, and biomedical applications for broader scientific understanding.

Keywords:
RamanSERSbiomedical applicationschemical enhancementelectromagnetic enhancementenhancement factorexcitation wavelengthsubstratessurface enhancedunderpotential deposition

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique.
  • Its high sensitivity and molecular fingerprinting capabilities are key advantages.
  • Technological advancements have made SERS more accessible and user-friendly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of SERS.
  • To explain the underlying amplification phenomena and key influencing factors.
  • To discuss SERS applications, particularly in the biomedical field.

Main Methods:

  • Explanation of SERS amplification mechanisms.
  • Discussion of enhancement factors: materials, hot spots, and analyte-surface distance.
  • Analysis of excitation wavelength selection and substrate fabrication.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of SERS principles and measurement.
  • Illustration of various SERS substrates and fabrication techniques.
  • Examples of SERS coupled with separation and capturing methods.

Conclusions:

  • SERS is a versatile tool with significant potential in chemical, material, and life sciences.
  • The review aims to make SERS principles accessible to a wide scientific audience.
  • Biomedical applications with direct and indirect protocols are highlighted.