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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

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A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
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Random Error01:04

Random Error

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Random or indeterminate errors originate from various uncontrollable variables, such as variations in environmental conditions, instrument imperfections, or the inherent variability of the phenomena being measured. Usually, these errors cannot be predicted, estimated, or characterized because their direction and magnitude often vary in magnitude and direction even during consecutive measurements. As a result, they are difficult to eliminate. However, the aggregate effect of these errors can be...
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Random Variables01:09

Random Variables

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A random variable is a single numerical value that indicates the outcome of a procedure. The concept of random variables is fundamental to the probability theory and was introduced by a Russian mathematician, Pafnuty Chebyshev, in the mid-nineteenth century.
Uppercase letters such as X or Y denote a random variable. Lowercase letters like x or y denote the value of a random variable. If X is a random variable, then X is written in words, and x is given as a number.
For example, let X = the...
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Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

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The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
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Related Experiment Video

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SMS SOS: a randomized controlled trial to reduce self-harm and suicide attempts using SMS text messaging.

Garry J Stevens1, Trent E Hammond2, Suzanne Brownhill3

  • 1School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University (WSU), Kingswood, NSW, Australia.

BMC Psychiatry
|April 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A randomized trial found that SMS text message interventions reduced hospital re-presentation rates for deliberate self-harm (DSH). This low-cost, scalable intervention offers a promising approach to improve mental health aftercare and reduce DSH recurrence.

Keywords:
Deliberate self-harmIntentional self-harmPreventionRandomized controlled trialRe-presentReattemptSMSShort message serviceSuicideText message

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Area of Science:

  • Mental Health
  • Public Health
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Deliberate self-harm (DSH) presents a significant public health challenge due to its high incidence and repetition rates.
  • Hospital-treated DSH incurs substantial costs and necessitates effective interventions to prevent recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a Short Message Service (SMS) text message intervention combined with Treatment As Usual (TAU) in reducing hospital re-presentation rates for DSH.
  • To compare the SMS intervention plus TAU group against a TAU-alone group in a Western Sydney public hospital setting.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving adult patients presenting with DSH.
  • Participants were randomized to receive nine SMS text messages over 12 months post-discharge, containing mental health crisis support contact information, or TAU alone.
  • Primary outcomes included the number of DSH re-presentations and time to first re-presentation within 12 months.

Main Results:

  • The study protocol describes the design and implementation of an RCT using SMS text messages.
  • Positive study findings would support the translation of an SMS-aftercare protocol into mental health services at minimal expense.

Conclusions:

  • The study protocol outlines an RCT designed to assess the effectiveness of SMS text messages in reducing DSH re-presentations.
  • Successful implementation of this SMS-aftercare protocol could offer a cost-effective strategy for mental health services to reduce DSH recurrence.