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Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment
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High-Alpine Permafrost and Active-Layer Soil Microbiomes Differ in Their Response to Elevated Temperatures.

Petra Luláková1,2, Carla Perez-Mon1, Hana Šantrůčková2

  • 1Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Alpine soil microbes show varied responses to warming. Fungi are more resistant than bacteria, and permafrost microbes adapt better to temperature changes, crucial for climate change resilience.

Keywords:
European Alpsactive soil layerbacterial communityclimate warmingfungal communitymicrobial functioningmicrocosmpermafrost

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Alpine Ecosystems

Background:

  • Alpine regions face rising temperatures due to climate change.
  • Soil microbial communities are vital for ecosystem functioning and climate change adaptation.
  • Understanding microbial responses to warming is crucial for predicting ecosystem stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the adaptive potential of permafrost and active soil layer microbiomes to short-term warming.
  • To investigate the impact of moderate and extreme temperature increases on microbial community structure and function.
  • To compare the responses of bacterial and fungal communities to thermal stress in high-alpine soils.

Main Methods:

  • Incubation experiment with permafrost and active soil layers from Swiss Alps.
  • Gradual temperature acclimation (4-40°C) followed by a heat shock (40°C).
  • Analysis of microbial alpha-diversity, community structure, and respiration activity.

Main Results:

  • Alpha-diversity increased with gradual warming but decreased at 40°C.
  • Heat shock significantly altered active layer microbial communities; permafrost communities showed minor changes.
  • Fungal communities exhibited higher resistance to warming than bacterial communities.
  • Specific bacterial groups (Firmicutes) increased, while others (Saccharibacteria) decreased with temperature.

Conclusions:

  • High-alpine fungal communities are more resistant to short-term warming than bacterial communities.
  • Permafrost microbial communities displayed resilience to rising temperatures, with minimal functional changes.
  • Divergent microbial responses are influenced by soil origin, site aspect, substrate limitation, and legacy temperature effects.