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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

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Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Real-Time cAMP Detection in Cells Using cADDis Biosensor
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Complement in Metastasis: A Comp in the Camp.

Daniel Ajona1,2,3,4, Sergio Ortiz-Espinosa1,4, Ruben Pio1,2,3,4

  • 1Program in Solid Tumors, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system, vital for immunity, also drives cancer progression and metastasis. Targeting this system offers a new strategy to combat metastatic cancer alongside existing treatments.

Keywords:
anaphylatoxinbone colonizationcancercomplementmetastasistumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The complement system is a key component of innate immunity, essential for pathogen defense.
  • It comprises over 50 soluble and membrane-bound proteins.
  • Recent research highlights the complement system's role in tumor progression and metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the complement system's role in cancer.
  • To explore the potential of targeting complement components for cancer treatment.
  • To discuss the combination of complement-targeted therapies with existing immunosuppression strategies.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on the complement system in cancer.
  • It analyzes the multistep process of metastasis.
  • It examines novel therapeutic strategies targeting complement pathways.

Main Results:

  • The complement system significantly contributes to tumor initiation and progression.
  • Complement activation facilitates crucial steps in tumor metastasis.
  • Targeting complement components presents a novel therapeutic vulnerability.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system is a critical player in metastatic disease.
  • Targeting the complement system offers a promising strategy for cancer therapy.
  • Combining complement inhibition with current treatments may enhance clinical benefits for metastatic cancer patients.