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Related Concept Videos

Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
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Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
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Infertility in Females

Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer
09:26

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Published on: January 7, 2014

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Contraception after pregnancy.

Anna Glasier1, Siladitya Bhattacharya2, Hans Evers3

  • 1College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|April 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Effective contraception after pregnancy is crucial for family planning. This review guides providers on safe and timely contraceptive method initiation, considering breastfeeding and pregnancy outcomes.

Keywords:
childbirthcontraceptionectopicgestational trophoblastic diseaseinduced abortionmiscarriagepregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Family Planning
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background:

  • Pregnancy offers a key opportunity for couples to initiate effective contraception.
  • Fertility typically returns within one month post-pregnancy, necessitating timely contraceptive use.
  • Breastfeeding influences the timing and choice of postpartum contraceptive methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence and guidelines on contraceptive method use after pregnancy.
  • To inform healthcare providers about when to initiate various contraceptive methods.
  • To address specific considerations related to breastfeeding and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature and guidelines.
  • Synthesis of evidence on contraceptive safety and efficacy post-pregnancy.
  • Analysis of factors influencing contraceptive choices, including breastfeeding and pregnancy outcome.

Main Results:

  • Most contraceptive methods are safe for use after pregnancy, irrespective of outcome.
  • Estrogen-containing contraceptives should be delayed until 6 weeks postpartum due to VTE risk.
  • Interpregnancy intervals may be shorter than previously recommended for certain women.

Conclusions:

  • Contraception provision after pregnancy is essential for preventing unintended pregnancies.
  • Guidelines exist for safe contraceptive initiation, with some areas requiring further research.
  • Addressing challenges in postpartum contraceptive service delivery is vital for maternal health.