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Teleological Essentialism.

David Rose1, Shaun Nichols2

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Florida State University.

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|April 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study challenges the idea that scientific knowledge fills in category essences. Instead, research suggests that Aristotelian essences, or a telos, guide our understanding of categories and influence judgments.

Keywords:
Aristotelian essencePlaceholder essentialismScientific essentialismTeleology

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Placeholder essentialism posits an unknown causal essence for category members.
  • Scientific essences can sometimes elucidate these placeholders (e.g., atomic weight of gold).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the view that scientific essences elaborate placeholder essentialism.
  • To propose and test the hypothesis that Aristotelian essences (telos) elaborate placeholder essentialism.
  • To investigate if teleological essences influence category judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized traditional essentialist experimental paradigms.
  • Included studies on superficial change, internal transformation, acquired traits, and offspring inferences.
  • Employed a fifth study to examine the generative role of teleological essences in category judgments.

Main Results:

  • Found support for the view that essences are elaborated by a telos, not solely by scientific essences.
  • Evidence suggests that teleological essences may indeed generate category judgments.
  • Experimental results align with Aristotelian concepts of essence.

Conclusions:

  • Placeholder essentialism is better elaborated by teleological essences than scientific ones.
  • A telos appears to play a significant role in shaping our understanding and judgment of categories.
  • The findings have implications for cognitive theories of categorization and essentialism.