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Infections among Contacts of Patients with Nipah Virus, India

C P Girish Kumar, Attayur P Sugunan, Pragya Yadav

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |April 20, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    A Nipah virus serosurvey in India found 3 subclinical infections among close contacts of confirmed cases. This highlights the potential for silent Nipah virus transmission within communities and among healthcare workers.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Nipah virus poses a significant public health threat, causing severe febrile illness and respiratory symptoms.
    • Previous outbreaks have been linked to close contact with infected individuals and contaminated sources.
    • Understanding transmission dynamics and identifying subclinical infections are crucial for outbreak control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the seroprevalence of Nipah virus infection among individuals with close contact to confirmed cases.
    • To identify subclinical Nipah virus infections in healthcare workers and community members.
    • To assess the risk of Nipah virus transmission in a high-contact population.

    Main Methods:

    • A serosurvey was conducted among 155 healthcare workers and 124 household/community contacts of 18 laboratory-confirmed Nipah virus patients.
    • Serological tests (IgM and IgG) were performed to detect past or current Nipah virus infection.
    • Data analysis focused on identifying positive serological results and correlating them with exposure history.

    Main Results:

    • Three subclinical Nipah virus infections were detected among the surveyed population.
    • Two individuals tested positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies, indicating recent or current infection.
    • One individual tested positive for IgM antibodies only, suggesting a recent infection.

    Conclusions:

    • Subclinical Nipah virus infections can occur in individuals with close contact to confirmed cases.
    • The findings underscore the importance of comprehensive surveillance and testing, even in asymptomatic individuals.
    • Early detection of Nipah virus, including subclinical cases, is vital for preventing further spread and managing outbreaks effectively.
    Keywords:
    IndiaNipah viruscontact tracinghealthcare workerssubclinical infectionviruses

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