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Predicting Habitat Choice after Rapid Environmental Change.

Philip H Crowley, Pete C Trimmer, Orr Spiegel

    The American Naturalist
    |April 20, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Environmental changes significantly impact species survival and habitat selection. A new model predicts how habitat changes affect fitness, with readjustment aiding recovery but not fully compensating for lost survival or habitat availability.

    Keywords:
    adaptive behaviorhabitat losshabitat selectionhuman-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC)natal dispersalsearch costs

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    Area of Science:

    • Ecology
    • Evolutionary Biology
    • Behavioral Ecology

    Background:

    • Habitat selection decisions critically influence species fitness.
    • Environmental changes pose challenges to species' adaptive habitat choices.
    • Existing theories inadequately explain differential species responses to environmental shifts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To model the impact of environmental change on species fitness.
    • To predict how evolutionary history influences environmental change susceptibility.
    • To assess fitness recovery potential through readjustment after environmental change.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a theoretical model of habitat selection under environmental change.
    • Simulated scenarios with varying habitat quality, availability, and search costs.
    • Analyzed fitness before change, immediately after, and after optimal readjustment (learning/evolution).

    Main Results:

    • Decreased survival during searching and reduced habitat quality/availability had greater negative fitness impacts than shorter seasons.
    • Species previously adapted to high-quality habitats suffered more from declines than those adapted to poor conditions.
    • Readjustment effectively recovered fitness lost from reduced habitat quality but less so from reduced availability or search survival.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental changes affecting search survival and habitat availability pose significant threats to species.
    • Evolutionary history influences a species' vulnerability to environmental shifts.
    • Mitigation strategies should prioritize maintaining habitat availability and search survival, as readjustment has limitations.