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Related Concept Videos

Aggression01:47

Aggression

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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Social Scripts02:10

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People tend to know what behavior is expected of them in specific, familiar settings. A script is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Essentially, scripts are a particular kind of schema, one containing default values for the features within an event. In the restaurant example, the script's features include the props (e.g., tables, menu, food, and money), the roles to be played (e.g., customer and waiter),...
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Social Traps01:41

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Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Perspectives on Neuroscience
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Aggression: Perspectives from social and systems neuroscience.

Aubrey M Kelly1, Leah C Wilson2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Hormones and Behavior
|April 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Animals rapidly adjust social behaviors like aggression using neural mechanisms. This review explores how social context, neuropeptides, and neurosteroids interact to enable flexible behavioral plasticity for survival.

Keywords:
AggressionChallenge HypothesisNeurosteroidOxytocinSocial behaviorVasopressin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ethology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Behavioral plasticity is vital for animals navigating dynamic social environments.
  • Understanding the regulation of behavior timing, duration, and intensity is key to biological survival.
  • The Challenge Hypothesis provides a framework for studying aggression and flexible social responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how animals rapidly respond to social challenges, focusing on aggression.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying behavioral plasticity in social contexts.
  • To investigate the interplay between aggression and prosocial behavior mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework grounded in the Challenge Hypothesis.
  • Integration of social neuroscience perspectives.
  • Analysis of neuropeptides and neurosteroids in neural systems.

Main Results:

  • Social context, species-typical behaviors, and neural systems (neuropeptides) organize rapid social responses.
  • Prosocial and aggressive behavior mechanisms are intricately linked.
  • Interactions between neuropeptides and neurosteroids enable rapid, context-appropriate behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding social behavioral plasticity requires a systems neuroscience approach.
  • Investigating the functional integration of neural systems is crucial for rapid behavioral modulation.
  • This framework advances knowledge of the mechanisms underlying adaptive social behavior.