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Related Experiment Videos

Functional variations among prolactin cells from different pituitary regions.

F R Boockfor, L S Frawley

    Endocrinology
    |March 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pituitary cells in different regions show varied responses to hypothalamic hormones. Dopamine and TRH differentially regulate prolactin release, suggesting region-specific pituitary control.

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    Endocrinology·2001

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Cell Biology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • The adenohypophysis contains distinct cell populations responsible for hormone secretion.
    • Understanding regional differences in pituitary cell responsiveness is crucial for comprehending hormonal regulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the responsiveness of cells from the inner and outer zones of rat adenohypophysis to growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and dopamine (DA).
    • To investigate the differential regulation of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) release by hypothalamic factors in distinct pituitary regions.

    Main Methods:

    • Reverse hemolytic plaque assays were used to quantify GH and PRL release from dispersed pituitary cells.
    • Cells from the inner and outer zones of lactating rat adenohypophyses were cultured and treated with GRF, TRH, and DA.
    • Fixed sequential plaque assays were employed to differentiate between mammotropes and mammosomatotropes.

    Main Results:

    • Both inner and outer zone cells responded similarly to GRF, indicating comparable GH cell responsiveness.
    • TRH and DA exhibited differential effects on PRL plaque formation between the zones: outer zone cells showed increased PRL release with TRH and moderate response to DA, while inner zone cells had minimal response to TRH and significant inhibition by DA.
    • The outer zone contained a higher proportion of mammosomatotropes (co-releasing GH and PRL) compared to the inner zone.

    Conclusions:

    • PRL-secreting cells, but not GH-secreting cells, exhibit differential responsiveness to TRH and DA based on their pituitary region.
    • The distinct proportions of mammotropes and mammosomatotropes in different pituitary zones may contribute to region-specific responses to hypothalamic secretagogues.
    • Regulation of PRL release from mammotropes and mammosomatotropes might differ, with regional cell ratios influencing overall pituitary response to hypothalamic input.

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