Prognostic Factors for Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura Remission after Laparoscopic Splenectomy: A Cohort Study

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has become the gold standard for patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The total remission rate after splenectomy is 70%-90%, of which 66% is long-term. Despite this high response rate, some patients do not benefit from surgery. It is therefore important to try to identify risk factors for an unsatisfactory clinical response. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes of LS for ITP and identify factors associated with increased disease remission rates.

We retrospectively studied consecutive patients with ITP undergoing LS in a tertiary referral surgical center prospectively recorded in a database. Inclusion criteria were: Elective, laparoscopic splenectomy for diagnosed ITP, and complete follow-up. The cohort was divided into two groups-Group 1 (G1) patients with ITP remission after splenectomy and Group 2 (G2) patients without remission. There were 113 G1 patients and 52 G2 patients. Median follow-up was 9.5 (IQR: 5-15) years.

In univariate analysis, patient's age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative platelet count, the need for platelet transfusions, and presence of hemorrhagic diathesis were shown to be statistically significant factors. Next, we built a multivariate logistic regression model using factors significant in univariate analysis. Age <41 years (odds ratio (OR) 4.49; 95% CI: 1.66-12.09), BMI <24.3 kg/m² (OR: 4.67; 95% CI: 1.44-15.16), and preoperative platelet count ≥97 × 10³/mm³ (OR: 3.50; 95% CI: 1.30-9.47) were shown to be independent prognostic factors for ITP remission after LS.

The independent prognostic factors for ITP remission after LS revealed in our study are: age <41 years, BMI <24.3 kg/m², and preoperative platelet count ≥97 × 10³/mm³. Duration of the ITP and the time of treatment are not related to remission after LS.