Development of a design of experiments optimized method for quantification of polysorbate 80 based on oleic acid...

The aim was to develop a straightforward UHPLC-MS quantification method for polysorbate 80 using oleic acid as surrogate marker, which was the commonest substance within the emulsifier. However, hydrolysis of polysorbate 80 and subsequent analysis of fatty acids revealed a co-elution of oleic acid and an isomer while all the other fatty acids were successfully separated by varying retention times and mass-to-charge ratios. For identification and separation of the isomer a derivatization method was evaluated. Oxidation to the corresponding dihydroxystearic acids with potassium permanganate resulted in peak separation of cis/trans and structural isomers of the 18:1 fatty acids. Hydrolyzed and derivatized polysorbate 80 was quantified indirectly in the range of 0.046-5.83 μg/mL (R² > 0.997) with a limit of detection of 11.4 ng/mL. Quantification of polysorbate 80 using oleic acid as a surrogate marker showed good reproducibility and linearity. As all isomers of the 18:1 fatty acids were successfully separated, the previously co-eluting peak was identified as elaidic acid and was found as a component in the mixture of the emulsifier polysorbate 80. Additionally, cis-vaccenic acid was separated as a second co-eluting isomer. Therefore, derivatization led to successful chromatographical separation of cis/trans and structural 18:1 fatty acid isomers.