Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

530
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
530
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.3K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

The dual role of mTOR in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology: a systematic review.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Brain-first versus body-first Parkinson's disease: Differential findings on pupillary, brainstem and vagus sonography.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension due to pelvic cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Morbidity and medication use preceding a diagnosis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease: a Danish nationwide study.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Comorbid autoimmune disease in stiff-person syndrome spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same journal

Tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol in the treatment of restless legs syndrome.

Journal of neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
06:05

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

1.6K

Update on narcolepsy.

P J Reading1

  • 1Department of Neurology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK. p.reading@nhs.net.

Journal of Neurology
|April 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Narcolepsy significantly impacts 24-hour sleep regulation and involves hypocretin (orexin) deficiency. Recent findings suggest an autoimmune cause, opening avenues for targeted hypocretin replacement and immunotherapies.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityCataplexyHypocretinNarcolepsy

More Related Videos

Updated Protocol for the Assembly and Use of the Minibioreactor Array (MBRA)
09:38

Updated Protocol for the Assembly and Use of the Minibioreactor Array (MBRA)

Published on: September 5, 2025

862
The Complete and Updated "Rotifer Polyculture Method" for Rearing First Feeding Zebrafish
08:52

The Complete and Updated "Rotifer Polyculture Method" for Rearing First Feeding Zebrafish

Published on: January 17, 2016

16.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
06:05

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time

Published on: February 19, 2021

1.6K
Updated Protocol for the Assembly and Use of the Minibioreactor Array (MBRA)
09:38

Updated Protocol for the Assembly and Use of the Minibioreactor Array (MBRA)

Published on: September 5, 2025

862
The Complete and Updated "Rotifer Polyculture Method" for Rearing First Feeding Zebrafish
08:52

The Complete and Updated "Rotifer Polyculture Method" for Rearing First Feeding Zebrafish

Published on: January 17, 2016

16.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Narcolepsy presents complex sleep-wake disorders and non-sleep symptoms.
  • A key finding is the deficiency of hypocretin (orexin) in most narcolepsy patients.
  • The condition is linked to specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types, suggesting an autoimmune basis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding narcolepsy's clinical nature and pathogenesis.
  • To explore novel therapeutic strategies, including hypocretin replacement and immunomodulation.
  • To highlight the potential for early intervention in narcolepsy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on narcolepsy.
  • Analysis of clinical observations and patient data.
  • Examination of immunological studies, including T-cell function.

Main Results:

  • Narcolepsy affects 24-hour sleep regulation and has extra-sleep symptoms.
  • Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency is a hallmark of narcolepsy.
  • Evidence increasingly supports an autoimmune pathophysiology involving T-cells.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding narcolepsy's pathophysiology is advancing rapidly.
  • Hypocretin replacement therapy offers a targeted treatment approach.
  • Immunotherapies may offer disease-modifying potential, especially with early intervention.