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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
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Agitated depression in bipolar disorder.

Francesca Serra1, Katherine Gordon-Smith1, Amy Perry1

  • 1Psychological Medicine, University of Worcester, UK.

Bipolar Disorders
|April 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Agitated depression (AD) affects over one-third of bipolar disorder patients, often linked to insomnia, suicidal thoughts, and a history of panic disorder. Understanding these associations aids in diagnosing and treating bipolar depression.

Keywords:
agitated depressionbipolar disorderdysphoric maniamixed featurespanic disorderpsychomotor agitationsomatic symptomssuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Agitated depression (AD) is recognized as a significant and prevalent feature within bipolar disorder.
  • Estimating the prevalence and associated clinical factors of AD is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of agitated depression in a large cohort of individuals with bipolar disorder.
  • To investigate the association between agitated depression and episodic/lifetime clinical features in bipolar disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A large sample of 2925 individuals diagnosed with DSM-IV bipolar disorder was recruited through the UK Bipolar Disorder Research Network.
  • Prevalence of agitation was assessed during the most severe depressive episode using semi-structured interviews and medical records.
  • Multivariate models were employed to identify predictors of agitation within the episode and across the lifetime illness course.

Main Results:

  • Agitation was present in 32.3% of individuals during their worst depressive episode.
  • Significant predictors within the episode included insomnia, poor concentration, decreased libido, suicidal ideation, slowed activity, and poor appetite.
  • Lifetime associations with agitated depression included comorbid panic disorder, suicide attempts, and dysphoric mania.

Conclusions:

  • Agitated depression is a common feature in at least one-third of bipolar depression cases.
  • AD is associated with specific depressive symptoms, mixed manic states, and a severe lifetime illness course.
  • Findings have implications for the diagnosis and treatment strategies for agitated features in bipolar depression.