Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

5.0K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
5.0K
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

4.7K
Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
4.7K
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

4.5K
The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
4.5K
Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division

2.1K
The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
2.1K
Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

3.8K
The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
3.8K
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

4.4K
The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
4.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Methodological concerns in the cutoff determination of a flow cytometric MOG-IgG assay: The need for independent validation.

Journal of neuroimmunology·2026
Same author

Parkinson's disease risk in patients with ocular motor cranial neuropathy: a Korean population-based study.

Parkinsonism & related disorders·2026
Same author

Reply to the comment on "efficacy and safety of conventional immunosuppressant therapies in elderly patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A target trial emulation study".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

Association between Proteinuria and Risk of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy/Multifocal Motor Neuropathy: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study.

Journal of epidemiology and global health·2026
Same author

Genetic landscape of hereditary spastic paraplegias in the Korean population.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Correction: Clinical outcome and efficacy of nusinersen in Korean adult patients with 5q spinal muscular atrophy: Nationwide multicenter retrospective study.

Acta neurologica Belgica·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle

Published on: June 2, 2018

8.8K

Idiopathic third and sixth cranial nerve neuritis.

Kyung-Ah Park1, Ju-Hong Min2, Sei Yeul Oh1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic cranial nerve neuritis affecting the third and sixth nerves often shows good response to steroid treatment. This study highlights a positive prognosis for these rare neurological conditions.

Keywords:
Fourth cranial nerve palsyIdiopathic cranial nerve neuritisSixth cranial nerve palsyThird cranial nerve palsy

More Related Videos

In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
10:27

In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears

Published on: February 21, 2018

11.1K
Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle
10:49

Ocular Kinematics Measured by In Vitro Stimulation of the Cranial Nerves in the Turtle

Published on: June 2, 2018

8.8K
In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears
10:27

In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Menière's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears

Published on: February 21, 2018

11.1K
Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
12:23

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Cranial nerve palsies can result from various causes, including idiopathic neuritis.
  • Idiopathic third and sixth cranial nerve neuritis are uncommon conditions requiring specific diagnostic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and analyze cases of idiopathic neuritis affecting the third and sixth cranial nerves.
  • To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with idiopathic cranial nerve neuritis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of patients with third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies.
  • High-resolution pre- and post-contrast cranial nerve MRI with 3D sequences were utilized.
  • Patients with confirmed cranial nerve enhancement and no identifiable causes were included.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen patients with idiopathic third and sixth cranial nerve neuritis were identified.
  • The majority of patients (11/15) experienced full recovery, often after steroid treatment.
  • Mean patient age was 43 ± 15 years, with a mix of third and sixth nerve palsies.

Conclusions:

  • Idiopathic third and sixth cranial nerve neuritis appear to have a favorable prognosis.
  • Steroid treatment was associated with positive outcomes in this patient cohort.
  • Further large-scale, long-term studies are necessary to fully understand prognosis and potential associations.