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Ceftazidime, a broad spectrum cephalosporin with activity against Ps. aeruginosa
Abstract:
Ceftazidime is one of the oximinoaminothiazolyl cephalosporins with resistance to most B-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria, and a very wide spectrum of activity including Ps. aeruginosa. MIC's of less than 0.1 mg/l are seen routinely against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, Proteus spp. both indole positive and negative, Serratia sp., and Providence sp. The mean MIC against clinical isolates of Ps. aeruginosa is less than 2 mg/l. It is bactericidal at concentrations close to the MIC and its activity is unimpaired in the presence of serum. Ceftazidime is well distributed in the body, penetrating into all body fluids at concentrations excess of the MIC's of most pathogenic bacteria. It has a half-life of about 1.5 hours, is excreted almost exclusively by the kidney and is not bound to serum proteins. More than 12,000 patients have now been treated with the antibiotic, with an overall success rate of more than 93%.
Insights
Ceftazidime, a cephalosporin antibiotic, demonstrates broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical studies show a high success rate of over 93% in patient treatment.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Ceftazidime is an oximinoaminothiazolyl cephalosporin antibiotic.
- It exhibits resistance to many beta-lactamases produced by gram-negative bacteria.
- The antibiotic possesses a broad spectrum of activity, notably against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties of Ceftazidime.
- To determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) against various gram-negative pathogens.
- To assess the clinical success rate of Ceftazidime in patient treatment.
Main Methods:
- MICs were determined for common gram-negative bacteria like E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa.
- Pharmacokinetic parameters including distribution, half-life, and excretion were assessed.
- Clinical data from over 12,000 treated patients were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Routine MICs were below 0.1 mg/l for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae, Proteus spp., Serratia sp., and Providence sp.
- The mean MIC against clinical isolates of Ps. aeruginosa was under 2 mg/l.
- Ceftazidime is bactericidal at concentrations near the MIC, unaffected by serum, well-distributed in body fluids, and has a half-life of approximately 1.5 hours.
Conclusions:
- Ceftazidime demonstrates potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of gram-negative bacteria.
- Its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and high clinical success rate (over 93%) support its use in treating infections.