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Discrete element modelling of under sleeper pads using a box test.

Huiqi Li1, Glenn R McDowell1

  • 1Nottingham Centre for Geomechanics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

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Summary

Under sleeper pads (USPs) reduce railway track settlement and particle breakage by altering load distribution at the ballast interface. Discrete element modeling confirms USPs improve mechanical performance and reduce ballast abrasion.

Keywords:
DEMRailway ballastUnder sleeper pad

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Railway Engineering

Background:

  • Ballasted rail tracks experience settlement and particle breakage, impacting performance.
  • Under sleeper pads (USPs) are proposed to mitigate these issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the micro-mechanical effects of USPs at the particle-pad interface.
  • To understand how USPs influence load transfer and particle breakage in ballasted tracks.

Main Methods:

  • Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) was employed to simulate the behavior of ballast particles and USPs.
  • Micro-mechanical insights were derived from DEM simulations.

Main Results:

  • DEM simulations confirmed that USPs decrease sleeper settlement and particle breakage.
  • USPs increase particle contact with the pad, leading to greater lateral load transfer and reduced vertical load beneath the sleeper.
  • Particle breakage and abrasion are significantly reduced, particularly at the particle-sleeper interface and force chains.

Conclusions:

  • USPs enhance ballasted track performance by optimizing load distribution and minimizing particle degradation.
  • The findings provide a micro-mechanical explanation for the benefits of using USPs in railway infrastructure.