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Raccoon rabies outbreak in Hamilton, Ontario: A progress report.

D Lobo1, C DeBenedet2, C Fehlner-Gardiner3

  • 1Public Health and Preventive Medicine Residency Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON.

Canada Communicable Disease Report = Releve Des Maladies Transmissibles Au Canada
|April 23, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Raccoon rabies, a virus variant transmissible to humans, caused Canada's largest outbreak in Ontario. A One Health approach involving multiple agencies controlled the epizootic, with continued collaboration needed for elimination.

Keywords:
One Health approachRaccoon rabiesgenome sequencingrabies outbreak

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Public Health
  • Zoonotic Disease Epidemiology
  • Wildlife Virology

Background:

  • Raccoon rabies is a distinct variant of the rabies virus, transmissible to humans and other mammals.
  • The clinical presentation of raccoon rabies is indistinguishable from other rabies virus variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the 2015 Ontario raccoon rabies outbreak and its control measures.
  • To highlight the application of the One Health approach in managing the epizootic.

Main Methods:

  • Coordinated response by local, provincial, and federal agencies.
  • Policy updates, enhanced surveillance, public education, and mass vaccination campaigns.
  • Viral genome sequencing to determine the origin of the outbreak.

Main Results:

  • 338 animals tested positive for raccoon rabies between December 2015 and June 2017.
  • Significant spillover observed in striped skunks and other domestic animals, including cats, a fox, and a llama.
  • Outbreak likely originated from long-distance translocation from the United States.

Conclusions:

  • This was the largest raccoon rabies outbreak in Canada and the first in an urban area.
  • The rabies virus variant was detected in a domestic animal in Canada for the first time.
  • A multi-sectoral collaborative approach was crucial; continued collaboration is essential for eventual elimination.