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Sarcoidosis in the Middle East
B Jayakrishnan1, Nasser Al-Busaidi2, Saif Al-Mubaihsi1
1Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
Annals of Thoracic Medicine
|April 23, 2019
Summary
This study reviews sarcoidosis cases in the Middle East, finding clinical features similar to global reports but with regional variations. Most Middle Eastern patients, excluding those in Iran, experience an excellent prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
- Rheumatology
Background:
- Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease with unknown etiology.
- Global variations in sarcoidosis presentation, severity, and prognosis exist across ethnic groups.
- Limited data exists on sarcoidosis prevalence and characteristics in the Middle East.
Purpose of the Study:
- To consolidate and analyze reported clinical characteristics of sarcoidosis patients in the Middle East.
- To identify regional variations in sarcoidosis presentation and outcomes within the Middle East.
- To compare Middle Eastern sarcoidosis cases with international findings.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases.
- Inclusion of English-language articles using specific search terms related to sarcoidosis and the Middle East.
- Analysis of clinical characteristics, organ involvement, and prognosis reported in regional studies.
Main Results:
- Sarcoidosis predominantly affects females, with respiratory symptoms being most common, aligning with global trends.
- Regional variations observed: Oman (older patients, arthralgia, hypercalcemia, eye involvement), Iran (frequent constitutional symptoms), Kuwait/Iran (cough), Saudi Arabia (dyspnea), Turkey (erythema nodosum).
- Disease clustering in Stages I and II was noted across most countries, except Oman. Prognosis is generally excellent, except in Iran.
Conclusions:
- The clinical presentation of sarcoidosis in the Middle East largely mirrors global patterns.
- Significant regional variations in sarcoidosis manifestations and specific symptoms exist within the Middle East.
- Sarcoidosis in the Middle East generally carries an excellent prognosis, with notable exceptions in specific patient subgroups or countries.
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