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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, but it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. Although commonly referred to as deceleration, this causes confusion in our analysis as deceleration is not a vector, and does not point to a specific direction with respect to a coordinate system. Therefore, the term deceleration is not used. For example, when a subway train slows down, it...
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In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, Δv, therefore the greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Since velocity is a vector, it can change in magnitude, direction, or both. Thus acceleration is a change in speed or direction, or both. For example, if a runner traveling at 10 km/h due east slows to a stop, reverses direction, and continues their run at 10 km/h...
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Related Experiment Video

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A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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Predictors and Implications of Accelerated Cognitive Aging.

Morgan E Levine1,2, Amal Harrati3, Eileen M Crimmins4

  • 1Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Biodemography and Social Biology
|April 23, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a cognitive age measure to track cognitive decline in aging individuals. Higher cognitive age and faster decline predict dementia, highlighting individual differences in cognitive aging.

Keywords:
APOEAgingCognitive DeclineDementiaEducationPolygenic Risk Score

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Aging is a primary risk factor for cognitive decline, yet individual decline rates vary significantly.
  • Understanding these variations is crucial for predicting and potentially mitigating cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a composite measure of cognitive age.
  • To examine the relationship between cognitive age (level and slope) and various indicators.
  • To assess the predictive power of cognitive age slope for dementia transition.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 19,594 participants in the Health and Retirement Study.
  • Derived cognitive age from performance tests administered longitudinally.
  • Analyzed associations with sociodemographic, genetic (APOE ε4), and disease (diabetes) factors.

Main Results:

  • Cognitive age levels, not slopes, showed more pronounced differences by sex and race/ethnicity.
  • Both cognitive age level and slope were inversely related to education.
  • Cognitive age was higher in individuals with APOE ε4 and/or diabetes.
  • The slope of cognitive age significantly predicted subsequent dementia in initially non-demented adults.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cognitive age measure is a valuable tool for studying cognitive aging and decline.
  • Individual differences in cognitive aging trajectories can be quantified and related to various factors.
  • Cognitive age slope shows promise as an early indicator for dementia risk.