Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis
Published on: July 1, 2017
Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides and bladder cancer: A case-control study
Neda Mortazavi1,2, Gholamreza Asadikaram2,3, Mohammad-Reza Ebadzadeh4,5
1Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Background:
Exposure to pesticides is associated with an increase in the incidence of cancer. We aimed to investigate the association of serum organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) levels and GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphism with bladder cancer (BC).
Methods:
This study was performed on 57 patients with BC and 30 controls (C). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (ARE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in serums of all participants. Genomic DNA was extracted using the salting out method and GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Measurement of OCPs (α-hexachlorocyclohexane [α-HCH], β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [2,4-DDT], 4,4-DDT, 2,4- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene [2,4-DDE], and 4,4-DDE) in serum was carried out using an FID-equipped gas-chromatography system.
Results:
AChE activity was significantly lower, ARE activity and TAC were declined but it was not statistically significant, however, α-HCH, γ-HCH, 4,4-DDE, 2,4-DDT, and 4,4-DDT pesticides, and MDA were significantly higher in BC patients compared with the control subjects. Also, a positive correlation was found between the number of smoked cigarettes and the years of smoking with BC development. There was no association between GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and OCPs in BC patients.
Conclusion:
Due to the higher levels of some OCPs in the BC patients, along with the reduction in AChE activity and increased MDA levels, it may be concluded that OCPs and OPs play an important role in the induction of BC in southeastern Iran.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Mouse Models of Cancer Study
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
Control System Problem
When forming a closed-loop system, issues can arise if the poles cross into the unstable region, leading to potential...

