Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

530
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
530
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

8.9K
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....
8.9K
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

58.3K
In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
58.3K
Sex-linked Disorders01:43

Sex-linked Disorders

108.5K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
108.5K
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

550
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
550
Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

86.4K
Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
86.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The olfactory bulb: A link between environmental agents and narcolepsy, from the standpoint of autoimmune etiology.

Medical hypotheses·2019
Same author

1918 H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Olfactory Bulb Could Trigger Lethargic Disease.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2018
Same author

Changes in Basic Movement Ability and Activities of Daily Living After Hip Fractures: Correlation Between Basic Movement Scale and Motor-Functional Independence Measure Scores.

American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation·2017
Same author

Olfactory vector hypothesis for encephalitis lethargica.

Medical hypotheses·2017
Same author

Viremic attack explains the dual-hit theory of Parkinson's disease.

Medical hypotheses·2017
Same author

Vaccination Effectively Prevents Central Nervous System Invasion by Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Through the Olfactory Pathway: A Proposed Mechanism of Neuroprotection.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2016

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

7.6K

The olfactory bulb: A link between environmental agents and narcolepsy.

Isamu Mori1

  • 1Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491-0938, Japan.

Medical Hypotheses
|April 24, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Environmental agents may trigger narcolepsy by accessing the olfactory bulb, causing neuroinflammation and the loss of orexinergic neurons. This leads to the lifelong sleep disorder, narcolepsy with cataplexy.

More Related Videos

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
08:59

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Published on: August 4, 2014

11.4K
Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
11:08

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis

Published on: June 3, 2016

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes
06:32

Quadruple Immunostaining of the Olfactory Bulb for Visualization of Olfactory Sensory Axon Molecular Identity Codes

Published on: June 5, 2017

7.6K
Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb
08:59

Ex Vivo Preparations of the Intact Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Published on: August 4, 2014

11.4K
Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis
11:08

Recording Temperature-induced Neuronal Activity through Monitoring Calcium Changes in the Olfactory Bulb of Xenopus laevis

Published on: June 3, 2016

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by orexin/hypocretin deficiency.
  • Genetic predisposition and environmental factors, like influenza, are implicated in narcolepsy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a hypothesis on the pathogenesis of narcolepsy with cataplexy.
  • To elucidate the role of environmental agents and neuroinflammation in orexinergic neuron degeneration.

Main Methods:

  • This study is based on a proposed hypothesis, integrating existing knowledge on narcolepsy pathogenesis.
  • The hypothesis suggests a pathway from environmental exposure to neurodegeneration.

Main Results:

  • Environmental agents may enter the brain via the olfactory bulb.
  • This can initiate neuroinflammation, leading to the degeneration of orexinergic neurons.
  • Degeneration of these neurons disrupts the sleep-wake cycle, causing narcolepsy.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental triggers accessing the olfactory bulb could be a key factor in narcolepsy development.
  • Neuroinflammation and subsequent orexinergic neuron loss are central to this proposed mechanism.
  • This hypothesis offers a new perspective on narcolepsy with cataplexy pathogenesis.