MicroRNAs or Long Noncoding RNAs in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease

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Yuan Zhang1, Lei Zhang1, Yu Wang1

  • 1Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Deng Zhou Road 38, Qingdao 266021, China.

Aging and Disease
|April 24, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Coronary artery disease (CAD) involves complex changes in heart arteries. Noncoding RNAs, like microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), show promise as diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CAD.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) arises from atherosclerosis in heart arteries, a complex process involving cellular changes.
  • Key cellular alterations in CAD include endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) changes, lipid deposition, and macrophage activation.
  • While numerous risk markers exist, few offer diagnostic impact or guide patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest research on the molecular mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CAD.
  • To explore the potential of noncoding RNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease.
  • To identify novel therapeutic targets for heart disease based on miRNA and lncRNA functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving miRNAs and lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of CAD.
  • Focus on noncoding RNAs found in plasma and other body fluids as potential biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Noncoding RNAs, specifically miRNAs and lncRNAs, are stable in body fluids and implicated in heart and vascular development.
  • These noncoding RNAs play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of cardiac conditions like CAD.
  • Emerging evidence suggests their potential as reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs and lncRNAs are integral to the molecular mechanisms underlying CAD.
  • Noncoding RNAs represent a promising avenue for developing novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for coronary artery disease.
  • Further research into these molecules could significantly advance the management of heart disease.

Keywords:
atherosclerotic plaquecoronary artery diseaselncRNAsmiRNAs

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