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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Fluid Mechanics
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Boiling crisis, also known as critical heat flux (CHF), limits heat transfer efficiency in many applications.
  • Understanding bubble dynamics near heated surfaces is crucial for predicting and mitigating CHF.
  • Previous studies have not experimentally observed scale-free behavior in bubble footprint distributions during boiling crisis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe and characterize scale-free behavior in bubble footprint distributions during water boiling crisis.
  • To develop a theoretical model explaining the emergence of scale-free behavior from bubble interactions.
  • To provide a predictive criterion for boiling crisis and insights for surface engineering to enhance CHF.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of bubble footprint distribution under pool and flow boiling conditions.
  • Formulation of a continuum percolation model based on near-wall stochastic bubble interactions.
  • Analysis of experimental data to validate the model and identify scale-free characteristics.

Main Results:

  • First experimental evidence of scale-free behavior in bubble footprint distribution during boiling crisis.
  • The continuum percolation model successfully elucidates the emergence of scale-free behavior.
  • The model provides a criterion for predicting boiling crisis onset.

Conclusions:

  • Scale-free behavior in bubble footprints is a fundamental aspect of the boiling crisis.
  • The developed model offers a mechanistic understanding of CHF and a predictive tool.
  • Insights gained can guide the design of surfaces for improved heat transfer and higher CHF limits.