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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR
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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Published on: January 16, 2016

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Acute Flaccid Myelitis Associated With Enterovirus D68: A Review

Alison Christy1, Kevin Messacar2

  • 11 Alison Christy, Providence Health & Services, Pediatric Neurology, Portland, OR, USA.

Journal of Child Neurology
|April 25, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Acute flaccid myelitis causes sudden paralysis by affecting spinal cord cells, often linked to enterovirus D68. This review covers current knowledge, treatments, and research for this debilitating neurological condition.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a serious neurological condition characterized by rapid flaccid paralysis.
  • Recent epidemics since 2014 have been linked to enterovirus D68 (EV-D68).
  • The exact cause and biological mechanisms of AFM remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current scientific literature on acute flaccid myelitis.
  • To discuss the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and epidemiology of AFM.
  • To explore current treatment options and areas of active research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published research on acute flaccid myelitis.
  • Analysis of clinical case reports and epidemiological data.
  • Synthesis of information regarding enterovirus D68 and AFM.

Main Results:

  • AFM primarily impacts anterior horn cells in the spinal cord.
  • Patients exhibit asymmetric limb weakness, cranial nerve deficits, and lack of encephalopathy.
  • Enterovirus D68 is a suspected, but not confirmed, causative agent in many cases.

Conclusions:

  • Acute flaccid myelitis is a significant cause of paralysis, particularly in children.
  • Further research is crucial to understand AFM pathophysiology and develop effective treatments.
  • Management strategies focus on supportive care and rehabilitation for residual disability.
Keywords:
acute flaccid myelitisenterovirus D68infectious diseasepediatric

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